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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide on the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in diabetic KK-Ay mice. METHODS KK-Ay mice were randomly divided into model group， metformin group （200 mg/kg） and A. sinensis polysaccharide high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups （400， 200 and 100 mg/kg）； C57BL/6J mice were included in blank group， with 8 mice in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine intragastrically or normal saline， once a day， for consecutive 4 weeks. After the final administration， the levels of fasting glucose， total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and insulin （INS） were detected； the protein expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， cleaved- caspase-3， apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 （ASK1）， phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase （p-JNK）， phosphorylated inositol- requiring enzyme 1α （p-IRE1α） in myocardium， and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes were also detected. RESULTS Compared with model group， the fasting glucose， TC and LDL-C content， apoptotic rate of cardiomyocyte， protein expressions of p-JNK and p- IRE1α， ASK1， cleaved-caspase-3 were significantly lower in the metformin group and A. sinensis polysaccharide medium-dose， high-dose groups； INS level and relative expression of Bcl-2 protein were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS A. sinensis polysaccharide can improve the levels of blood glucose and blood lipid and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic KK-Ay mice， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of IRE1/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway.
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Magnetic nanomaterials is widely used in medical diagnosis, drug delivery, biomedical and other fields due to their unique structure and excellent properties. The magnetic nanometer material in biomedical applications, such as biological separation and purification, application of controlled drug release and magnetic resonance imaging are reviewed in the present paper, and the development trend of magnetic nanomaterials is also forecasted.
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Humans , Drug Delivery Systems , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetics , Nanostructures , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the relationship between cancer-related fatigue and cortisol in cancer patients and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods:A total of 80 cancer cases were divided into two groups:fatigue group (50 cases with cancer-related fatigue) and non-fatigue group (30 cases without fatigue). The scores were evaluated through the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF) and the Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI) report. Serum specimens were examined through electrochemiluminesence immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum cholesterol was examined through the CHOD-PAP method, and serum total protein and albumin were determined via the Biuret method. Agarose gel electrophoresis was conducted to determine alpha 2 globulin ratio and to calculate serum alpha 2 globulin concentration. Results: The cortisol level in the fatigue group was significantly lower than that in the non-fatigue group[(119.68±5.34) nmol/L vs. (163.45± 31.49) nmol/L, P<0.05], and the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level in the fatigue group was significantly higher than that in the non-fatigue group [(104.50 ± 17.15) ng/L vs. (51.43±13.24) ng/L, P<0.05]. Cortisol negatively correlated with MFSI-SF (r=-0.867, P<0.001) but positively correlated with ACTH (r=0.809, P<0.001). Furthermore, cortisol negatively correlated with FSI (r=-0.747, P<0.001) but positively correlated with ACTH (r=0.70, P<0.001). The levels of serum cholesterol [(1.25±0.70) mmol/L vs. (3.28±0.73) mmol/L, P<0.05], albumin[(18.24 ± 7.03) g/L vs. (37.40 ± 8.05) g/L, P<0.05], and alpha-2 globulin [(2.25±1.07) g/L vs. (5.36±1.09) g/L, P<0.05]were significantly lower in the fatigue group than in the non-fatigue group. Conclusion:The patients with cancer-related fatigue exhibited increased MFSI-SF score, decreased serum cortisol level, and enhanced ACTH level. The low serum cortisol levels caused a disorder in the serum ACTH and cancer-related fatigue of malignant tumor patients. The mechanism underlying the reduction in serum cortisol level correlated with the insufficient amounts of serum cholesterol, the composite material of cortisols, and of serum albumin, particularly alpha-2 globulin, the carrier protein of serum cholesterol.
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It has been demonstrated that surgery is currently still the most effective approach to completely cure gastric cancer. However, while only 30%-40% of gastric cancer can obtain curative outcome through pure surgery, most of patients with gastric cancer would died of recurrence or distant metastasis of the tumor. It appears to be more critical to search for other therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer other than surgery. Molecular targeting therapy has become the focus and hotspot of comprehensive treatment of gastric cancer.
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Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common and refractory clinical sympotoms in patients with cancer. Investigators have tried to study the molecular pathogenesis of cancer-related fatigue, and the cytokine has become a research focus. At present, a number of cytokines, including transformation growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin, proteolytic inducing factors, inflammatory cytokine are proved to be correlated to cancer-related fatigue.
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It has been suggested that aspirin may have anti-tumor effect based on animal experiments and epidemiological investigation, however, it remains controversial whether aspirin has certain effects on prostatic cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer whereas it has been well documented that long-term regular use of aspirin can significantly reduce risks of colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and gastric cancer.
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Through various mechanisms, malignant tumors can cause thrombosis, which in turn facilirates the growth and metastasis of tumors. Platelets interact with tumor cells to form tumor thrombosis and assist the metastasis of malignant tumors by mechanisms such as protecting tumor cells from immune surveillance and facilitating tumor cell growth and adhesion to vascular endothelial cells.
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BACKGROUND:The non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were widely used to prevent heterotopic bone formation following total hip arthroplasty (THA),however,its efficacy and safety is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE:To determine the efficacy and safety of postoperative NSAIDs therapy in patients undergoing THA using Meta analysis.METHODS:The databases of PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Chinese biomedical literature,CNKI,VIP as well as bibliographies of retrieved articles were researched for randomized controlled trials comparing NSAID versus control after THA,and the data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.0.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 13 randomized controlled trials totaling 4706 participants were included.The result of meta analysis showed that low dose aspirin did not significantly affect the incidence of heterotopic bone formation (HBF) [RR=0.99,95% CI (0.87,1.14) rather than medium to high dose NSAIDs [RR=0.44,95% CI(0.30,0.64),there was no significant difference between two group in hip pain and physical function,the incidence of HBF was 16.0% in NSAID-group and 11.1% in 7 Gy group.Apart from low dose aspirin,medium to high doses of postoperative NSAIDs produce a substantial reduction in the incidence of HBF at the cost of minor high gastrointestinal side effect.Limited evidence showed there were no significant differences between the groups for improvements in hip pain and physical function,7 Gy fraction is more effective than use of NSAID.
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Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia treated with mitoxantrone/arabinosylcytosin versus daunorubicin/arabinosylcytosin.Methods We searched Pubmed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Chinese biomedicine literature database,Chinese Scientific Journals full-text database,and Chinese Journal full-text database for randomized controlled trials comparing MA regimen with DA regimen.We manually searched key Chinese magazines of related fields.The quality of included studies was evaluated and graded according to Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook.Results Nine randomized controlled trials totaling 608 patients were included.Meta-analysis results were as follows:There was significant difference between MA regimen and DA regimen in total complete remission rate [RR=1.24,95%CI(1.10,1.40)]and effective rate[RR =1.22,95%CI(1.09,1.36)] after the second course of treatment.There was significant difference between MA regimen and DA regimen in heart toxicity incidence [RR=0.54,95%CI(0.29,0.99)],infection incidence [RR=1.56,95%CI(1.29,1.94)],agranulocytosis time [RR=2.70,95%CI(2.09,3.31)].There was no significant difference in nausea and vomitting [RR=0.96,95%CI(0.87,1.07)].Conclusion Current clinical studies might confirm that MA regimen is superior to DA regimen in complete remission rate and effective rate in treating the patient with initial treatment acute myelogenous leukemia.Fewer patients receiving MA regimen experienced heart toxicity incidence compared with patients receiving DA regimen,but more experienced infection and agranulocytosis.They still need to be confirmed by large sample,high quality randomized controlled trials.
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To investigate the expressions and significance of the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homlog deleted on chromosome ten protein (PTEN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to analyze the relationship between their expressions and the tumor's invasion and their pericarcinomatous tissues, the correlation of their expressions with the tumor's clinicopathological characteristics and invasion potential were studied. Our study showed that the expression level of PTEN in HCC was remarkably lower than that in pericarcinomatous liver tissues, while the expressions of both VEGF and MVD were higher than that in pericarcinomatous liver tissues. Correlation analysis revealed that the expression of PTEN was negatively related to the progression of the pathological differentiation and invasion of tumor, whereas the expressions of VEGF and MVD were positively related. Moreover, there was a negative relationship between the expression of PTEN and the expressions of VEGF and MVD, and a positive one between VEGF and MVD. The expressions of PTEN and VEGF may reveal the degree of differentiation and the invasive potential of HCC tissues. The mechanism by which the lack of PTEN expression probably induces abnormal hyperexpression of VEGF may play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of HCC.
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To investigate the expressions and significance of the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homlog deleted on chromosome ten protein (PTEN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to analyze the relationship between their expressions and the tumor's invasion and their pericarcinomatous tissues, the correlation of their expressions with the tumor's clinicopathological characteristics and invasion potential were studied. Our study showed that the expression level of PTEN in HCC was remarkably lower than that in pericarcinomatous liver tissues, while the expressions of both VEGF and MVD were higher than that in pericarcinomatous liver tissues. Correlation analysis revealed that the expression of PTEN was negatively related to the progression of the pathological differentiation and invasion of tumor, whereas the expressions of VEGF and MVD were positively related. Moreover, there was a negative relationship between the expression of PTEN and the expressions of VEGF and MVD, and a positive one between VEGF and MVD. The expressions of PTEN and VEGF may reveal the degree of differentiation and the invasive potential of HCC tissues. The mechanism by which the lack of PTEN expression probably induces abnormal hyperexpression of VEGF may play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of HCC.
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Objective To study the pathological features and developmental tendency of gastric carcinoma(GC) in Wuwei City. Methods The clinical data of 7346 cases of GC found in 85427 cases undergoing endoscopy in Wuwei City from 1977 to 2000 were retrospectively analysed. Results The detectation rate of GC by endoscopy in Wuwei City was 8.7%. GC developed to a peak at 40～70 years of age(92.0%).In the GC cases, the Hp infection rate was 64.6%, which is higher than that in the area of low incidence of GC and the general population. Hp infection rate in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was higher than that in well differenciated type.Most GC(43.8%) were located in the proximal portion of the stomach. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma appeared to be the most common pathological type. Conclusions GC in Wuwei City is related to Hp infection. GC location has shifted from the distal to the proximal portion of the stomach in the last 23 years.